Article 10
The state language of Ukraine is the Ukrainian language.
The State ensures the comprehensive development and functioning of the Ukrainian language in all spheres of social life throughout the entire territory of Ukraine.
In Ukraine, the free development, use and protection of Russian, and other languages of national minorities of Ukraine, is guaranteed.
The State promotes the learning of languages of international communication.
The use of languages in Ukraine is guaranteed by the Constitution of Ukraine and is determined by law.
Article 11
The State promotes the consolidation and development of the Ukrainian nation, of its historical consciousness, traditions and culture, and also the development of the ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious identity of all indigenous peoples and national minorities of Ukraine.
Article 12
Ukraine provides for the satisfaction of national and cultural, and linguistic needs of Ukrainians residing beyond the borders of the State.
Article 24
Citizens have equal constitutional rights and freedoms and are equal before the law.
There shall be no privileges or restrictions based on race, colour of skin, political, religious and other beliefs, sex, ethnic and social origin, property status, place of residence, linguistic or other characteristics.
Equality of the rights of women and men is ensured: by providing women with opportunities equal to those of men, in public and political, and cultural activity, in obtaining education and in professional training, in work and its remuneration; by special measures for the protection of work and health of women; by establishing pension privileges, by creating conditions that allow women to combine work and motherhood; by legal protection, material and moral support of motherhood and childhood, including the provision of paid leaves and other privileges to pregnant women and mothers.
Article 53
Everyone has the right to education.
Complete general secondary education is compulsory.
The State ensures accessible and free pre-school, complete general secondary, vocational and higher education in state and communal educational establishments; the development of pre-school, complete general secondary, extra-curricular, vocational, higher and post-graduate education, various forms of instruction; the provision of state scholarships and privileges to pupils and students.
Citizens have the right to obtain free higher education in state and communal educational establishments on a competitive basis.
Citizens who belong to national minorities are guaranteed in accordance with the law the right to receive instruction in their native language, or to study their native language in state and communal educational establishments and through national cultural societies.
Article 92
The following are determined exclusively by the laws of Ukraine:
1) human and citizens' rights and freedoms, the guarantees of these rights and freedoms; the main duties of the citizen;
2) citizenship, the legal personality of citizens, the status of foreigners and stateless persons;
3) the rights of indigenous peoples and national minorities;
4) the procedure for the use of languages;
5) the principles of the use of natural resources, the exclusive (maritime) economic zone and the continental shelf, the exploration of outer space, the organisation and operation of power supply systems, transportation and communications;
6) the fundamentals of social protection, the forms and types of pension provision; the principles of the regulation of labour and employment, marriage, family, the protection of childhood, motherhood and fatherhood; upbringing, education, culture and health care; ecological safety;
7) the legal regime of property;
8) the legal principles and guarantees of entrepreneurship; the rules of competition and the norms of antimonopoly regulation;
9) the principles of foreign relations, foreign economic activity and customs;
10) the principles of the regulation of demographic and migration processes;
11) the principles of the establishment and activity of political parties, other associations of citizens, and the mass media;
12) the organisation and activity of bodies of executive power, the fundamentals of civil service, the organisation of state statistics and informatics;
13) the territorial structure of Ukraine;
14) the judicial system, judicial proceedings, the status of judges, the principles of judicial expertise, the organisation and operation of the procuracy, the bodies of inquiry and investigation, the notary, the bodies and institutions for the execution of punishments; the fundamentals of the organisation and activity of the advocacy;
15) the principles of local self-government;
16) the status of the capital of Ukraine; the special status of other cities;
17) the fundamentals of national security, the organisation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and ensuring public order;
18) the legal regime of the state border;
19) the legal regime of martial law and a state of emergency, zones of an ecological emergency situation;
20) the organisation and procedure for conducting elections and referendums;
21) the organisation and operational procedure of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the status of National Deputies of Ukraine;
22) the principles of civil legal liability; acts that are crimes, administrative or disciplinary offences, and liability for them.
The following are established exclusively by the laws of Ukraine:
1) the State Budget of Ukraine and the budgetary system of Ukraine; the system of taxation, taxes and levies; the principles of the formation and operation of financial, monetary, credit and investment markets; the status of the national currency and also the status of foreign currencies on the territory of Ukraine; the procedure for the formation and payment of state domestic and foreign debt; the procedure for the issuance and circulation of state securities, their types and forms;
2) the procedure for deploying units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine to other states; the procedure for admitting and the terms for stationing units of armed forces of other states on the territory of Ukraine;
3) units of weight, measure and time; the procedure for establishing state standards;
4) the procedure for the use and protection of state symbols;
5) state awards;
6) military ranks, diplomatic and other special ranks;
7) state holidays;
8) the procedure for the establishment and functioning of free and other special zones that have an economic and migration regime different from the general regime.
Amnesty is declared by the law of Ukraine.
Article 103
The President of Ukraine is elected by the citizens of Ukraine for a five-year term, on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage, by secret ballot.
A citizen of Ukraine who has attained the age of thirty-five, has the right to vote, has resided in Ukraine for the past ten years prior to the day of elections, and has command of the state language, may be elected as the President of Ukraine.
One and the same person shall not be the President of Ukraine for more than two consecutive terms.
The President of Ukraine shall not have another representative mandate, hold office in bodies of state power or in associations of citizens, and also perform any other paid or entrepreneurial activity, or be a member of an administrative body or board of supervisors of an enterprise that is aimed at making profit.
Regular elections of the President of Ukraine are held on the last Sunday of October of the fifth year of the term of authority of the President of Ukraine. In the event of pre-term termination of authority of the President of Ukraine, elections of the President of Ukraine are held within ninety days from the day of termination of the authority.
The procedure for conducting elections of the President of Ukraine is established by law.
Article 127
Justice is administered by professional judges and, in cases determined by law, people's assessors and jurors.
Professional judges shall not belong to political parties and trade unions, take part in any political activity, hold a representative mandate, occupy any other paid positions, perform other remunerated work except scholarly, teaching and creative activity.
A citizen of Ukraine, not younger than the age of twenty-five, who has a higher legal education and has work experience in the sphere of law for no less than three years, has resided in Ukraine for no less than ten years and has command of the state l
anguage, may be recommended for the office of judge by the Qualification Commission of Judges.
Persons with professional training in issues of jurisdiction of specialised courts may be judges of these courts. These judges administer justice only as members of a collegium of judges.
Additional requirements for certain categories of judges in terms of experience, age and their professional level are established by law.
Protection of the professional interests of judges is exercised by the procedure established by law.
Article 148
The Constitutional Court of Ukraine is composed of eighteen judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine.
The President of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and the Congress of Judges of Ukraine each appoint six judges to the Constitutional Court of Ukraine.
A citizen of Ukraine who has attained the age of forty on the day of appointment, has a higher legal education and professional experience of no less than ten years, has resided in Ukraine for the last twenty years, and has command of the state language, may be a judge of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine.
A judge of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is appointed for nine years without the right of appointment to a repeat term.
The Chairman of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine is elected by secret ballot only for one three-year term at a special plenary meeting of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine from among the judges of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine.